Kazakh Khanate
Kazakhstan, 1465–1847. Draft, not yet reviewed
The Kazakh Khanate was a nomadic state in Central Asia that emerged after the fragmentation of the Golden Horde. By the end of the 15th century and throughout the 16th century, the Kazakhs consolidated their political power and established control over the vast steppe territories east of the Caspian Sea and north of the Aral Sea, extending as far as the upper reaches of the Irtysh River and the western foothills of the Altai Mountains. During the reigns of Burunduk Khan and Kasym Khan, the Kazakhs came to control nearly the entire steppe region. After the death of Tauke Khan, the khanate, in effect, split into three independent khanates.
Seat of power: Turkistan
Rulers
Zhangir Khan
Kazakh khan, 1643–1652
Salqam-Jangir Khan ruled as the Khan of the Kazakh Khanate from 1643 to 1652 and was the son of Esim Khan. Like his father Esim Khan, Jangir was also concerned about the threat of the Dzungars. In one of the battles with Dzhungars in 1635 Jangir was captured in battle, and after the conclusion of a peace treaty he was released home.
Culture
- The Kazakh Khanate was the first chronologically established nation-state in Central Asia created by the modern ethnic group itself rather than its predecessors or historical ancestors.
- In the 17th century, three separate orda (horde), or zhuz, emerged: the Senior (Greater), Middle (Central), and Junior, each with its own territory for nomadic movements.
- UNESCO recognized the mausoleum as the country's first site of patrimony, declaring it a World Heritage Site in 2003.
Picture
The Mausoleum of Khawaja Ahmed Yasawi is a mausoleum in the city of Turkestan, in southern Kazakhstan.
Image: Petar Milošević, CC BY-SA 3.0, file
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Sources
Text adapted from the Wikipedia articles listed as sources, CC BY-SA 4.0.