United States of Colombia
Panama, 1863–1886. Draft, not yet reviewed
It was the name adopted in 1863 by the Constitución de Rionegro for the Granadine Confederation, after years of civil war. It was a federal state composed of nine "sovereign states" and comprised the present-day nations of Colombia and Panama and parts of northwestern Brazil. In 1855, the autonomous State of Panama was created within the Republic out of the New Granada provinces of Panama, Azuero, Chiriquí, and Veraguas. During 1886 the Colombian Conservative Party led by President Rafael Núñez proclaimed a new constitution of a unitary and centralist character that abolished the United States of Colombia and created the Republic of Colombia.
Seat of power: Panama City
Rulers
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
President of Colombia, 1863–1864
He was president of Colombia four times. During the Colombian Civil War of 1860-1862 he led liberal forces against conservative factions. After the liberals won, a new, federalist constitution was implemented, which established a two-year presidency, and the nation renamed the United States of Colombia.
Portrait of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera: Unknown author, PD, file
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
President of Colombia, 1866–1867
He was president of Colombia four times. During the Colombian Civil War of 1860-1862 he led liberal forces against conservative factions. After the liberals won, a new, federalist constitution was implemented, which established a two-year presidency, and the nation renamed the United States of Colombia.
Portrait of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera: Unknown author, PD, file
José María Rojas Garrido
President of Colombia, 1866–1866
As the first Presidential Designate he became Acting President of the United States of Colombia in 1866 during the absence of President elect Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera. He was a prominent journalist for several Liberal Party newspapers, and is considered one of the most important orators in Colombia's history.
Portrait of José María Rojas Garrido: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Santos Acosta
President of Colombia, 1867–1868
He served as the president of Colombia from 1867 until 1868. He succeeded to the role of president after Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera was deposed in 1867.
Portrait of Santos Acosta: Cultura Banco de la República, Public domain, file
Joaquín Riascos
President of Colombia, 1867–1867
He was a Colombian General and politician who became acting President in rebellion of the United States of Colombia in 1867 for 45 days.
Portrait of Joaquín Riascos: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Santos Gutiérrez
President of Colombia, 1868–1870
He was a Colombian statesman and soldier, who became president of the Sovereign State of Boyacá, and later elected as president of the United States of Colombia for the term of 1868-1870.
Portrait of Santos Gutiérrez: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Eustorgio Salgar
President of Colombia, 1870–1872
He was president of the United States of Colombia from 1870 until 1872. Elected at age 39, he was the youngest president of Colombia.
Portrait of Eustorgio Salgar: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Manuel Murillo Toro
President of Colombia, 1872–1874
He served as President of the United States of Colombia on two occasions, first from 1864 to 1866, and again between 1872 and 1874.
Portrait of Manuel Murillo Toro: Mathew Benjamin Brady, Public domain, file
Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas
President of Colombia, 1874–1876
He was President of the United States of Colombia between 1874 and 1876. He was a Colombian educator, lawyer, diplomat, writer, journalist, and statesman.
Portrait of Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Manuel María Ramírez
President of Colombia, 1877–1877
He was President of Colombia from 22 December 1877 to 24 December 1877 as designate, while President Aquileo Parra Gómez was away.
Portrait of Manuel María Ramírez: Cultura Banco de la República, Public domain, file
Julián Trujillo Largacha
President of Colombia, 1878–1880
He was a Colombian lawyer, statesman, General of the Army and President of Colombia from 1878 to 1880.
Portrait of Julián Trujillo Largacha: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
José Eusebio Otalora
President of Colombia, 1882–1884
He became President of the United States of Colombia in 1882 in his capacity as the Second Presidential Designate following the death of President Francisco Javier Zaldúa, and the non-acceptance of the office by the First Designate Rafael Núñez.
Portrait of José Eusebio Otalora: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Francisco Javier Zaldúa
President of Colombia, 1882–1882
He was a Colombian lawyer and politician, who was elected as President of Colombia in 1882.
Portrait of Francisco Javier Zaldúa: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Clímaco Calderón
President of Colombia, 1882–1882
He became 15th President of Colombia for one day, following the death of President Francisco Javier Zaldúa.
Portrait of Clímaco Calderón: Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, file
Ezequiel Hurtado
President of Colombia, 1884–1884
He was a politician, military general and statesman who became 17th President of Colombia.
Portrait of Ezequiel Hurtado: Fotografia, Public domain, file
Culture
- The liberals attempted to establish the United States of Colombia with a decentralized, free market system.
- Land possessed by the Church was seized and transferred to industrialists and the influence and rights of the Church was limited severely.
- During 1871, attempts at modernization and economic reform resulted in the Colombian peso being associated with the French franc as part of the international gold standard.
Picture
The Constitución de Rionegro of 1863 established a federal system with a central presidency with a term of two years and without the possibility of immediate re-election.
Image: See File history below for details., Public domain, file
Sources
- United States of Colombia (Wikipedia)
- United States of Colombia (Wikidata)
- About the picture (Wikipedia)
Text adapted from the Wikipedia articles listed as sources, CC BY-SA 4.0.