Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

South Sudan, 1899–1956. Draft, not yet reviewed

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was a condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt between 1899 and 1956, corresponding to the territory of what is now both Sudans and parts of southeastern Libya. From 1924 onwards, the British essentially divided Sudan into two separate territories, a predominantly Muslim Arabic-speaking north, and a predominantly Animist and Christian south, where the use of English was encouraged by Christian missionaries, whose main role was instructional. At a conference held in Juba in 1947, it was decided to integrate the administration of the southern provinces with those of the north. In 2011, the south of Sudan itself became independent as the Republic of South Sudan.

Seat of power: Khartoum

No rulers documented for this era yet.

Culture

• British policies favouring Christian missionaries, such as the Closed District Ordinance of 1922, and geographical barriers such as the swamplands along the White Nile curtailed the spread of Islam to the south, thus allowing the southern tribes to retain much of their political and religious institutions.
• A French expedition to Fashoda on the White Nile sought to gain control of the Upper Nile river basin and thereby exclude Britain from Sudan. Under heavy pressure, the French withdrew, ensuring Anglo-Egyptian control over the area.
• Muhammad Ali's grandson, Ismail Pasha, expanded this policy, and under his reign most of the remainder of modern-day Sudan, and South Sudan was conquered.

Picture

The Fashoda Incident was the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring between 10 July and 3 November 1898.

Image: Mozzan, CC BY-SA 3.0, file

Sources

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Wikipedia)
• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Wikidata)
• About the picture (Wikipedia)

Text adapted from the Wikipedia articles listed as sources, CC BY-SA 4.0.