History of Tajikistan

Samanid Empire, 819 CE–999 CE Draft, not yet reviewed

The Samanid Empire was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, ruled by a dynasty of Iranian dehqan origin, from 819 to 999. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana, and at its greatest extent included northeastern Iran and Central Asia. In 892, Ismail Samani, son of Ahmad, united the Samanids under his rule. However, by 945, the government had fallen under the de facto control of the Turkic military slave faction, and the Samanid family's authority had become purely symbolic.

Seat of power: Samarkand

Emirate of Bukhara, 1785–1920 Draft, not yet reviewed

The Emirate of Bukhara was an Uzbek absolute monarchy in Central Asia that existed from 1785 to 1920 in what is now parts of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana. Its core territory was the fertile land along the lower Zarafshon river, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarqand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara. In 1920, it ceased to exist with the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.

Seat of power: Bukhara

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, 1929–1991 Draft, not yet reviewed

The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1929 to 1991 in Central Asia. The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union. It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR), which had been created on 14 October 1924 as a part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia. On 24 August 1990, the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders, and on 9 September 1991 it declared its independence from the disintegrating Soviet Union.

Seat of power: Dushanbe

Tajikistan, 1991 to today Draft, not yet reviewed

On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign state as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country.

Seat of power: Dushanbe

Rulers

• Rahmon Nabiyev, president of Tajikistan, 1991–1992
• Akbarsho Iskandrov, president of Tajikistan, 1991–1992
• Emomali Rahmon, president of Tajikistan, 1994 to today