Mongolian People's Republic

Mongolia, 1924–1992. Draft, not yet reviewed

The Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) was the Mongolian communist state that existed from 1924 to 1992 that self-designated first as a people's democratic state and later as a socialist state. The state was established in 1924 following the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, which was supported by the Soviet Red Army. Under the rule of Khorloogiin Choibalsan, the government aligned closely with Soviet policies, undertaking Stalinist repressions from 1937 to 1939 that resulted in the deaths of over 20,000 people. Inspired by the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, the 1990 Mongolian Revolution led to the resignation of the MPRP leadership, the legalization of opposition parties, and the establishment of a multi-party system.

Seat of power: Ulaanbaatar

No rulers documented for this era yet.

Culture

• In 1929, the state began expropriating monastery property and tried to force herdsmen into collective farms and communes.
• From September 1937 to April 1939, Stalinist purges in Mongolia saw mass arrests of top party and state leaders, lamas, soldiers, and citizens on false charges of counter-revolution and spying for Japan.
• Buddhist institutions were nearly all destroyed, their property appropriated, and the lamas killed or secularized.
• This would transform the nomadic society into a developing agricultural-industrial economy.

Picture

Sükhbaatar Square, the central square of Ulaanbaatar, was named for the revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar and features a monumental equestrian statue of him.

Image: Zazaa Mongolia, CC BY-SA 4.0, file

Sources

• Mongolian People's Republic (Wikipedia)
• Mongolian People's Republic (Wikidata)
• About the picture (Wikipedia)

Text adapted from the Wikipedia articles listed as sources, CC BY-SA 4.0.