Portugal
Portugal, 1974 to today. Draft, not yet reviewed
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in Southwestern Europe. The kingdom became a republic in 1910, before becoming a dictatorship in 1926, whose 1974 overthrow enabled democracy to be established in 1976. Portugal is a unitary republic and multi-party representative democracy with four separate sovereignty organs: president, government, parliament, and judiciary.
Seat of power: Lisbon
Rulers
Francisco da Costa Gomes
President of Portugal, 1974–1976
He was a Portuguese military officer and politician who was the president of Portugal from 1974 to 1976. Earlier on, he had been deployed to Angola as part of the Portuguese Colonial War.
Portrait of Francisco da Costa Gomes: Unknown authorUnknown author, Attribution, file
António Ramalho Eanes
President of Portugal, 1976–1986
He is a Portuguese general and politician who was the president of Portugal from 1976 to 1986. Eanes then ordered the military counter-coup of 25 November 1975 against the pro-communist radical faction of the MFA.
Portrait of António Ramalho Eanes: Filipe Silva, CC BY-SA 2.0, file
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Mário Soares
President of Portugal, 1986–1996
He served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985 and subsequently as the president of Portugal from 1986 to 1996. A major political figure in Portugal, he is considered the father of Portuguese democracy.
Portrait of Mário Soares: Xunta de Galicia, Attribution, file
Jorge Sampaio
President of Portugal, 1996–2006
As president, he used international diplomacy to raise the profile of the cause of Timor-Leste and supported the 1999 referendum. Sampaio oversaw the handover of Macau to China, after 442 years of Portuguese rule.
Portrait of Jorge Sampaio: Hermínio Oliveira/ABr, CC BY 3.0 br, file
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
President of Portugal, 2006–2016
He served as the president of Portugal from 2006 to 2016, and as prime minister of Portugal, from 1985 to 1995. He is most recognized for guiding Portugal into the European Union, liberalizing the Portuguese economy and improving infrastructures across the country.
Portrait of Aníbal Cavaco Silva: Georges Boulougouris, CC BY 4.0, file
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Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
President of Portugal, 2016–2026
He is a Portuguese politician and academic who served as the president of Portugal from 2016 to 2026. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, though he suspended his party membership for the duration of his presidency.
Portrait of Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa: Web Summit, CC BY 2.0, file
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António José Seguro
President of Portugal, 2026 to today
He is a Portuguese politician who has been the president of Portugal since 2026, having won the 2026 Portuguese presidential election. A member of the Socialist Party, Seguro previously served as secretary-general of the PS from 2011 to 2014, during which time he was also the leader of the opposition.
Portrait of António José Seguro: Lula Oficial, CC BY-SA 4.0, file
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Culture
- A developed country, Portugal has an advanced economy that chiefly relies upon services, industry, and tourism.
- Shaped by the various civilisations that have inhabited its territory, such as the Carthaginians and the Romans, Portugal developed a culture with a worldwide influence.
- Portuguese became the world's fifth-most spoken native language, with more than 250 million native speakers.
Picture
The bridge, named Salazar Bridge at its inauguration in 1966, was renamed after the Carnation Revolution of 1974 for April 25, the date of the revolution.
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Sources
Text adapted from the Wikipedia articles listed as sources, CC BY-SA 4.0.